The political and economic consequences of populist rule in latin america. Note to readers this is an excerpt from latin america. I will consider aruba and curacao as they are culturally quite integrated into colombia and venezuela, despite being part of the eu, given that they are nations within the kingdom of the netherlands. In 1982 political scientist paul drake wrote regarding latin america. This is the first such analysis of spending in latin american countries with a full complement of regime. The populist, antiimperialist foreign policy of venezuela and iran are designed to galvanize nationalism and serve the domestic agenda of mass mobilization and power consolidation it has been more effective in venezuela than in iran pushing back against us influence in latin america middle east. Populism and neo populism in latin america, especially mexico1 alan knight in all matters of importance, stle and not content is the important thing. In january 2016, oecd members decided to strengthen cooperation with the region through the creation of an oecd lac regional programme, launched on 1 june 2016 at the. Latin american neostructuralism provides a detailed account of the evolution of economic thinking by the economic commission for latin america and the caribbean eclac since the end of the 1980s. Do not cite them without explicit permission from the authors. Latin americas new political landscape and the future of the. This often troubled and hardtogovern region performs better for its citizens and the world beyond its borders under democratic institutions and the rule of law. Protectionism and latin americas historical economic decline.
I dont consider them to be but there are those who vociferously claim that they are. Key aspects for eulatin america collaboration in regional innovation. The macroeconomics of populism in latin america english abstract. Populism in europe and the americas although populism has become something of a buzz word in discussions about politics, it tends to be studied by country or region. He argues persuasively that populism is not designed to produce meaningful social change. Why have political populism and economic liberalism coexisted under presidents menem in argentina, collor in brazil, and fujimori in peru. No longer confined to latin america or to the margins of european politics, populism spread to africa, asia, the middle east, and with donald trump, to the cradle of liberal democracy, the united states.
Fiscal policy in latin america in sharp contrast to the industrial economies, fiscal policy has been procyclical, and particularly so in recessions, casting doubt on the appli cability of the barro 1979 taxsmoothing hypothesis for latin america. Highlighting the need to study anti populism together with populism, focusing on their mutual constitution, we will test the ensuing theoretical framework in an analysis of syriza, a recent and, as a result, underresearched example of egalitarian, inclusionary populism emerging within the european crisis landscape. Governments brought to power by the pink tide have been successful in reconstructing the conditions of capital accumulation as well as incorporating a new set of social movement. To elucidate the prospects of the united states under president donald trump, i conduct a wideranging comparative analysis of populism s regime impact in europe and latin america.
The oecd and latin america and the caribbean the oecd and the latin america and the caribbean lac region have a growing and dynamic relationship. Populism is latin america which they edited dornbusch, r. The term developed in the 19th century and has been applied to various politicians, parties, and movements since that time, although has rarely been chosen as a selfdescription. The cuban revolution and the soviet influence in latin america the triumph of the cuban revolution right in the middle of the cold war went against the traditions of south american communist parties and reneged upon their orientations and policies concerning four points. Latin america economic outlook third quarter 2016 2 latin america. Neoliberalism has been an occupying force in latin america for over three decades while it has stripped the nationstates of the functionality.
Apr 05, 2018 the former presidents of ecuador and argentina, rafael correa and cristina kirchner, discussed the effects of neoliberalism in latin america and the use of fake news to control public opinion. Following a decade of economic growth and decline in unemployment rates. Rather, in blending old elitist practices with the new currents of mass society, populist movements have constituted the principal political form of social control in modern latin america p. Migration in latin america and the caribbean and the european union.
Finally, i conclude the paper by elaborating some tentative policy recommendations regarding how to deal with populist forces. Jan 09, 2015 neoliberalisms latin american struggle. Populism and the economics of globalization dani rodrik. A comparative study between ecuador, bolivia and peru 2016. No longer confined to latin america or to the margins of european politics, populism spread to africa, asia, the middle east, and with donald trump. Working paper series on the latin america decade jose antonio ocampo, eduardo f. Abstract populist movements and leaders in latin america have presented themselves as. Occasionally a reformer or socialist gained dominance in the political arena.
Informal employment is a persistent problem in latin america and the caribbean. Find materials for this course in the pages linked along the left. Bastian and marcos reis the opinions expressed in these papers represent those of the authors and not the initiative for policy dialogue. Perhaps a wave of studies of populism is upon us because historians like to analyze things that are dead 1982. Populism in latin america examines the notion of populism in the political and social culture of latin american societies as expressed through the populist leaders of several latin american countries including argentina, brazil, mexico, chile, ecuador, panama, peru, and venezuela. A feudal tradition latin america was settled by europeans at the end of the feudal era not in a time of early capitalism, emerging pluralism, the enlightenment and modernity as was the u. Remittances to latin america and the caribbean, 2016.
The political and economic consequences of populist rule. Illicit networks and politics in latin america international idea. Mudde and rovira kaltwasser 18 interestingly, the situation is almost completely opposite in latin america. Here, few authors consider ethnic identity to be relevant to populism, even though some authors have linked classic populism to nationalism e. Table 2 indigenous population in latin america in 2010. It is also a call for a new kind of politics, rooted in and. This chapter provides an overview of the ideological character and electoral strengths of populist parties in postcommunist central and eastern europe. Innovation and regional specialisation in latin america european. This book covers well over 200 years of latin american history. Indigenous latin america in the twentyfirst century world bank.
How grave is the threat that populist leaders pose to democracy. Ethnicity and ethnopopulism in latin america 3 finally, the book explores what impact indigenous parties, particularly in bolivia and ecuador, have had on democracy in the region. Populism and democratic representation in latin america. Gonzalezbertomeu maria paula saffon may 15, 2014 this is a very rough draft.
University of chicago press while the documents cover features the former version of the title, it is the latter that appears on top of the opening page of the text. Rebels, files indicate, washington times, 10 may 2008. Since then, the trend toward the left and toward populist governments has deepened. Changing course in latin america party systems in the.
The resurgence of radical populism in latin america. The precursor to the current global populist wave was the rise of new movements and regimes in latin america in the 1990s. Populism in latin america has been sometimes criticized for the fiscal policies of many of its leaders, but has also been defended for having allowed historically weak states to alleviate disorder and achieve a tolerable degree of stability while initiating largescale industrialization. Christina holtzbacha, oscar mazzoleni, and reinhard heinisch eds. Pdf populism in europe and latin america compared c. Although inequality in latin america ranks among the worst in the world, it has notably declined over the last decade, offset by improvements in health care and education, enhanced programs for.
Governments brought to power by the pink tide have been successful in. Working paper series initiative for policy dialogue. Three lessons of contemporary populism in europe and the. Today the challenge in latin america is to remember a simple point. Changing course in latin america party systems in the neoliberal era this book adopts a critical juncture framework to explain the impact of economic crises and freemarket reforms on party systems and political. Stiftung, in berlin, brussels and latin america, to look at populism and latin america.
It is a necessary but controversial discussion, as the political processes are diverse and complicated. Populism in latin america populism in latin america. When did latin america fall behind, and has the gap between the developed countries and latin america widened over time are recurrent questions among economic historians. Latin america was no stranger to guerrilla movements. Using the url or doi link below will ensure access to this page indefinitely. The aim is to understand what is happening, why and with what consequences, and then to pinpoint activities to fortify democracy in latin america. This second edition also includes a new preface by kenneth m. It is time to recall, celebrate, and defend latin america s effective democratic institutions. The leaders also stressed that latin american nations can today celebrate important advances in democratization. Jan 20, 2017 a latin america weighed down by low growth and uncertainty about policies to be taken by the incoming administration of donald trump will also look to the united states for cooperation in combating drugs and human trafficking, according to prominent latin american political figures. Political systems of latin america by needler, martin c.
Migratory routes and dynamics between latin american and. By populism, this paper refers to an economic approach that emphasizes growth and income redistribution and deemphasizes the risks of inflation and deficit finance, external constraints and the reaction of economic agents to aggressive nonmarket policies. This paper argues that the recent electoral success of the mas and other ethno populist parties in latin america is a result of these parties ability to combine traditional populist rhetoric and platforms with an inclusive ethnic appeal. Robert kaufman and arbara stallings, the political economy of latin american populism in rudisher dornbush and sebastian edwards eds the macroeconomics of populism in latin america hicago university press, 1991, pp. Populism and neopopulism in latin america victor armony universite du quebec a montreal armony. What accounts for the success of new ethnically based parties. The 40year itch populism and polarisation threaten latin america after dictatorships gave way to democracy trouble is brewing again briefing may 9th 2019 edition. Populism in central and eastern europe oxford handbooks. Yet events in cuba radiated a special appeal, pointing the way to a new epoch for the left. The thrust of my argument is that liberal democracy is both feasible and desirable in latin america.
Conceptualizing a threshold of acceptance early and incomplete draft juan f. Cautionary tales from latin america sebastian edwards during the last few years an apparently new and revolutionary idea has emerged in. Latin americas economic performanc e during the period 200312 was. Populism is a concept which, despite repeated critiques, refuses to disappear from latin american studies. At the beginning of 1991, fidel castros regime in cuba remains the only consolidated and unambiguously authoritarian government still ruling in latin america.
What all these share is an antiestablishment orientation, a claim to speak for the people against the elites, opposition to liberal economics and globalization, and often but not always a penchant for authoritarian governance. A historical perspective ernesto talvi wednesday, october 5, 2016. Recent experiences of formalization in latin america and the. Lecture notes introduction to latin american studies. Cautionary tales from latin america sebastian edwards economics working paper 19106 hoover institution 434 galvez mall stanford university stanford, ca 943056010 april 25, 2019 according to modern monetary theory mmt it is possible to use expansive monetary policy money creation by the central bank i. International trade and investment, international finance and macroeconomics macroeconomic populism is an approach to economics that emphasizes growth and income. Democracy in latin america the most important is that democracy is, for the first time in latin american history, the incumbent form of government. Populism in latin america examines the notion of populism in the political and social culture of latin american societies as expressed through the populist leaders of several latin american. Given the sudden proliferation of regional organizations in latin america, the organization of american states is facing a challenge to its position as the premier diplomatic forum of the western. Shaping the future of latin america world economic forum. Ruth berins collier and david collier, shaping the political arena princeton university press 1991, chapter 1.
Project muse toward postneoliberalism in latin america. This volume thus seeks to identify and explain the variation in policy and regime orientations among left governments. This is a researchheavy course that focuses on contemporary populist movements in worldhistorical perspective. The macroeconomics of populism in latin america english.
Macroeconomic populism in latin america rudiger dornbusch, sebastian edwards. Government office, if not always power, is now usually transferred peacefully from one elected president to another throughout latin america. In short, we understand postneoliberalism to be more than simply the return of the state in terms of the economy grugel and riggirozzi, 2007. Sustainable development in latin america and the caribbean.
Underlining these distinctions is the proposition that, just as not all populism is the same, not all populism is necessarily bad from the point of view of the preservation of liberty and the promotion of responsible individuals in a free. In some countries, military dictators predominated. Politics and social spending in latin ame rica we examine the determinants of social expenditure in an unbalanced pooled time series analysis for 18 latin american countries for the period 1970 to 2000. Political systems of latin america internet archive. In others, oldfashioned parliamentarians rose to commanding positions. It argues that the circumstances of democratic transition gave rise both to radical and to centrist populist parties, and that both subtypes have remained distinct and enduring features of the party systems of these countries. Populism refers to a range of political stances that emphasise the idea of the people and often juxtapose this group against the elite. The cuban revolution and the soviet influence in latin america.
Us in the late 19th century, through the emergence of latin american populism in the mid20th century, and the recent resurgence of populism in europe, the unites states, and latin america taggart 2000, jagers and walgrave 2007, roberts 2010, levitsky and roberts 2011, rosenthal and trost 2012. It begins with a brief summary of european colonialism, laying the groundwork for the succeeding chapters on the history of the independent nationstates that make up modern latin america. In order to elucidate this surprising convergence, which established conceptions of populism did not expect, this article stresses some underlying affinities between neoliberalism and the new version of populism emerging in the 1980s. The investigation finds that the risks have been overestimated. The first analyzes the different ways in which populist actors and their opponents have. There has been a renewed interest in populism in latin america, sparked by the social mobilization against neoliberalism usually referred to as the pink tide. The idea of longrun relative decline since independence has been favored in the literature bulmerthomas 1994, 410, while it is widely accepted that the origins of modern. We then turn to an analysis of the relationship between fiscal policy and. These analyses are carried out using a variety of quantitative and qualitative data, including. Postneoliberalism in latin america 3 ways that not only ensure growth but are also responsive to social need and citizenship demands. The bolivian case a paper prepared for the 2006 meeting of the american political science association, philadephia, pa raul l. Incumbents get blamed when things go wrong, with jobs, income and many basic services failing to meet steadily growing public expectations. This is the first book to offer a genuine crossregional perspective on populism and its impact on democracy. Democracy and populism in latin america ignacio walker.